1-J. Osterhammel, The Transformation of the World. A Global History of the Nineteenth Century, Princeton University Press, 2014. (chapters 3,4,8,9,12,13,14)
2 - A.G. Kenwood, A.L. Lougheed, M. Graff, Growth of the international economy, 1820-2015, Routledge, 2014.
3 – R. C. Allen, Global economic history: a very short introduction, Oxford University Press, 2011.